Period 5 of 9

Land, print and trans-Mongol modernity

Mid-19th century–1917

Modernity came through datsan education, Kazan and St Petersburg, Urga, Tibet, Kyakhta, international scholarship, photography, print and struggles over land.

Verified evidence

This period does not yet carry a source-verified claim. Sources: see the historical collection

Sources & materials

49 catalog entriesPeriod tags: 18th–19th centuries · Early 20th century